Volume 25 – 2025 – Issue 8

Nations are people with different ways of life and society. They live somewhere in a certain place. They have their own customs, traditions, religious belief, etc. What makes them different from other national communities. The literacy of tribes is generally below the literacy rate of most people of the world. According to the 2011 population the national literacy rate (59.00%) is found to be significantly lower than the national lit eracy rate (73.00%). This paper focuses on educating the tribal children of the nation and the challenges they face

Haryana has been of the switly growing state of India and to a large extent, a state which has already itself in diffent fields of development. Any parameter applied on the evaluation of progress may come up in glorious term. However, the present paper meticuloyusly eexlores the status of women in the backdrop of political activism in Haryana. Of course, many laws have been brought in to strengthen theri status by ensuring their roles in various slots in the field of polit ics. Many amnededment has been made in legislation by the cenral goverments from time to time and the state governments have also acted upon the suggestions forwarded by various agencies and societies by which they are in better position now. However, the other side of the story is that, thsese laws and amendements proved no more than set of rules existing on papers only. Hence, the paper deliberately takes into account both of these version and attempts to reach at a rational and lotocal conclusion

Click here and insert your abstract text. Many countries in the developing world have embraced the global efforts at promoting education for young people because of the perceived benefits of education to the national economy. In Zambia, Free basic education and the Education For all program has been introduced in order to promote education of young people especially girls. However, Zambia is still experiencing challenges of school dropouts among young people especially in rural areas. The purpose of this study was to determine the trends of school dropouts among pupils in rural and urban areas, focusing particularly on Kabwe Central Province of Zambia. A total number of 172 subjects were surveyed regarding their opinions over the problem of school dropouts. Primary data from questionnaires was collected and analysed using thematic analysis and secondary data was analysed through percentages, graphs and tables using Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS). A comparative analysis of the trends of school dropouts for rural and urban areas showed that the school dropout rate for rural areas reduced by 56% during the period from 2014 to 2018. However, school dropout rates for urban areas increased by 25%during the same period. A thematic analysis of the young people’s responses indicated that the leading causes of school dropout in urban areas mainly include lack of money to pay school fees (52%), teenage pregnancy and early marriages (23%), and peer pressure (23%), In rural areas, the main causes of school dropout are Lack of money for school fees (42%), teenage pregnancy and early marriages (33%), peer pressure (15%), and distance from home to school (5%).Policy implications of the results are discussed and recommendations include enhanced stakeholder engagement on increased sensitisation over the re-entry policy, provision of educational support, building more schools especially in rural areas, upgrading basic schools to secondary schools and providing OVC sponsorship.

Economic diplomacy is an important tool for foreign policy of the government to promote economic interest of Zambia in relation to trade promotion, attracting investment through channels of diplomacy. Finding markets for exports and attracting foreign direct investments become critical in the development of a country especially when the domestic economy is too small to meet the economic demands of the population. For Zambia to attain sustained economic growth, strong foreign economic relations and more integration in the world economy are needed to promote trade and investments. The research took a realist and liberalist approach in assessing Zambia‟s economic diplomacy from the independence era to date. No research has ever been done on Zambia‟s use of economic diplomacy as a field of diplomacy. Therefore, it relied on secondary data and experts from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, former Zambian diplomats and people from the Civil Society Organisations (CSOs). Experts in the field of economic diplomacy were interviewed during the study, all of whom emphasised the importance of economic diplomacy to Zambia‟s aspiring of becoming a prosperous middle-income nation by 2030. The Zambian government together with its diplomatic missions abroad and trade representatives from the business community have a critical role to play in advancing the economic diplomacy agenda of the country in a world where national interests serve both state and non-state actors. These key agencies have a role of ensuring that they market Zambia with the best image building activities in the international arena by using the best tools. Low awareness levels were identified during the research including the pace at which non-state actors are being incorporated to spearhead the country‟s push for better and increased results through economic diplomacy. With emphasis on economic diplomacy, it is recommended that the country develops a national economic diplomacy strategy that outlines the key activities aligned to strategic economic sectors in order to have a much more result-oriented approach. There is also a need to build a positive image of the country that ably attracts investors and tourists

The legal profession in community growing in Indonesia is required related to the developing necessities of society, especially in the domain of law. To assist the community in anticipating legal issues. The notary position was established because the public required them, not the position deliberately composed and later socialized to the general public. The placement of notary or likewise recognized as the notary position formation is the determination of the number of notaries demanded in a Regency/municipality and governed by the Ministry of Law and Human Rights of the Republic of Indonesia. Time and regional growth in Indonesia further impacted the establishment of the notary position, because of the growth of the remaining economic level in the entire territory of Indonesia. The research method used is normative and is supported by juridical research empirical, i.e. research by accompanying regulatory studies and application of regulation as a mechanism of legal policy and associate it with empirical law research that observes how reactions and interactions occur during the norm system works. The research stage is conveyed through literature and field studies. Data collection techniques by document studies and interviews. The analysis of the data used is qualitative juridical, a process in which research generates descriptive-analytic data, data collected both secondary data and primary data.

The principal as a reflective leader plays a critical role in today’s fast-paced school environment. Although the growing role of principals in improving decisions through reflection, few researchers have studied the reflective habits of the minds that involved principals. Hence, the study intends to review existing literature on reflective habits of the minds among principals and to track what was contributed to understanding reflection and its effect on ethical leadership and decision-making. A comprehensive search of major databases was undertaken which identified 32,896 studies on the topic; 13 met the inclusion criteria. Using a systematic literature review, data were extracted and analyzed using thematic analysis. Three themes emerged from the analysis: reflective habits for teaching and learning, reflective habits for professional development, and reflective habits towards authentic and transformational leadership. Studies focused on the heart of the reflective practice of school principals as an instructional leader as a critical tool for learning and professional growth. It also shows the inspiring ways of how authentic and transformational leadership through reflective practice could change the educational system. As a result, the literature review pointed to the following discussion points, which are the areas that require further research: (1) diverse reflective practices among school principals in instructional leadership, (2) continuous reflective professional development activities, and (3) reflection-in-action towards transformational leadership